![]() Throughout the 1930s, Hitler portrayed Germany as a victimized nation, held in bondage by the chains of the post-World War I Versailles Treaty and denied the right of national self-determination. The specter of World War I and the deaths of 2 million German soldiers in that conflict still haunted popular memory. The regime also did not want to frighten a German population anxious about another European war. German leaders hoped to achieve this goal without causing preventive military intervention by France, Great Britain, or the states on Germany's eastern borders, Poland and Czechoslovakia. Rearmament was a key element of German national policy after the Nazi takeover in early 1933, as it was under the democratic Weimar government. They also waged campaigns that facilitated the persecution of Jews and others excluded from the Nazi vision of the “National Community.” Propaganda, Foreign Policy, and Conspiring to Wage War Propagandists preached an appealing message of national unity and a utopian future that resonated with millions of Germans. It served to push forward the Nazis' radical program, which required the acquiescence, support, or participation of broad sectors of the population.Ĭombined with terror to intimidate those who did not comply, a new state propaganda apparatus headed by Joseph Goebbels manipulated and deceived the German population and the outside world. Propaganda was used as an important tool to win over the majority of the German public who had not supported Adolf Hitler. Yitzhak Zuckerman, a leader of the Jewish resistance in Warsaw When moving into a forward area it was worn at the 'ready' position, centrally located on the middle of the chest with the flap folding away from the wearer.“Common sense could not understand that it was possible to exterminate tens and hundreds of thousands of Jews,” When not in an area near the frontline the respirator and bag were slung across the shoulder of the wearer. Matthews returned to Australia on 30 April 1919. The battalion subsequently participated in the Allies' own offensive, launched to the east of Amiens on 8 August 1918. The battalion had returned to the Somme Valley and helped stop the German spring offensive in March and April. In June 1918 he embarked for France, where he joined his battalion. ![]() On 1 September 1918 Matthews was promoted to lieutenant. He left Sydney on 19 December 1917 sailing aboard HMAT A38 Ulysses, and attended the School of Instruction for Infantry officers at Candahar Barracks from 1 April to the. In 1917 he applied for a commission in the AIF and was made a second lieutenant in May. ![]() He underwent officer training at Duntroon, Canberra until October. Matthews enlisted on 20 February 1916 with the 2nd Battalion. He had prior military service to joining the AIF, serving with the 20th Infantry in the Australian Military Forces (militia). Before enlisting for the AIF, he worked as a railway clerk in Prospect a western district of Sydney. Matthews was born on 12 July 1894 in Young, NSW. This gas mask respirator bag was carried in France by Lieutenant Henry Nicholls Matthews. On the other side is printed 'The composition is to be applied to eyepieces of Box Respirators or Sponge Goggles once weekly, or each time that the Respirator or Goggles have been worn'. Do not use the mask material for polishing'. Apply a little of the composition from the tube to the cleaned surface, rub it in with the finger and then polish gently with a soft rag until the eyepiece is clear. Wipe the inner surface of the eyepieces of the Box Respirator or Sponge Goggles until clean and dry. Printed on one side of the cardboard container is 'GLASSO ANTI DIMMING COMPOSITION - Directions for Use. Several objects are contained in the bag, including a circular piece of metal with a small retaining pin through the middle and a broken metal tube of 'glasso anti-dimming composition' complete with opened cardboard container and a square piece of used denim for applying the composition to the lenses of the gas mask. The bag still has all of its original brass fittings and buttons. Handwritten in black ink on the front of the bag is 'H.MATTHEWS.'. ![]() On the front of the bag is a large stain. All surfaces on the exterior of the bag are heavily soiled. Inside the smaller compartment base is a natural metal spacing coil. The inside of the bag is divided by a canvas flap into two different sized compartments for the respirator and mask. ![]() A central rectangular stamping has a manufacturers title 'Weston & ?' with the number '1917' below. On the inside of the flap are stamped in black ink some manufacturers markings featuring illegible numbers and digits and a government broad arrow. ![]()
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